Reddit reviews An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital

No problem. The last two volumes are a bit more difficult to get through than Volume One, because they were never truly finished before Marx died. David Harvey is currently posting his lectures on reading Volume Two, and Michael Heinrich's Introduction to all three volumes is supposed to be released this year.

The most important text from the socialist perspective is Das Kapital, Karl Marx's critique of the categories of political economy. His contention was that all contemporary economists were arguing over poorly understood terms (mainly value) and sought to demonstrate that capitalist laws are not generalizable as laws of all economic systems.

I don't think there are many capitalist texts that directly confront Marx on this topic, since capitalist economists accept the categories and try to analyze the economy in terms of price dynamics.

I recommend Michael Heinrich's An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital. He's got a few good lectures on YouTube too. A lot of people recommend David Harvey, but I think he does a poor job explaining several key ideas.

I would suggest An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital, this text on communization, and also some of the ICC's (international communist current) stuff on the decadence of capitalism. Also by all means if you find yourself interested in the Communist Left feel free to ask us some questions over at /r/leftcommunism

No, he didn't believe that. In marxian economics labour is, however, the only commodity that appears to be creating more value than it costs. This is because the laborer is selling his labor-power, not his labor-time. (Which is the source of exchange value.)

This is only a very roughdescription, the argument is complex, and so if you want to find out more about it I'd recommend R.D. Wolff's online lectures, Michael Heinrich's An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital or, best option, read the original.

I would recommend getting a good introduction to Marx's Capital and reading that along with at least a few chapters from volume 1. Michael Heinrich's An Introduction to the Three Volumes is good; so are David Harvey's videos.

From Capital, read at least the following sections of volume 1:
Chapter Six: The Buying and Selling of Labour-Power
Chapter Twenty-Five: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation, Section Three
Chapter Twenty-Six: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation
Chapter Twenty-Seven: Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land
Chapter Twenty-Eight: Bloody Legislation Against the Expropriated, from the End of the 15th Century. Forcing Down of Wages by Acts of Parliament

For Marxism after Marx, the following would be a good place to start:
-Karl Kautsky's Road to Power
-Eugene Debs' Canton, OH speech

USSR:
-China Miéville's October: The Story of the Russian Revolution is good place to start.
-Marx/Engel's Preface to the 1882 Russian Edition of the Communist Manifesto
-Lenin's April Thesis
-Trotsky: read at least a little of The Revolution Betrayed. His biography of Stalin is also worth reading.

Third World Marxism:
CLR James: The most important Marxist of the second half of the twentieth century. Read the following:
-Black Jacobins: the classic history of the Haitian revolution
-Modern Politics: a collection of speeches on Rousseau, Lenin, etc.

Post-Keynesian Marxism:
Michał Kalecki's Political Aspects of Full Employment
-Leo Panitsch and Sam Gindin's The Making of Global Capitalism: a recent and highly academic Marxist analysis of globalization.