Reddit reviews Enchiridion Symbolorum: A Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations of the Catholic Church

If you want an extensive list; it's going to be really hard to find. Denzinger has some of it, but it's not as cut and dried as you might want.

Of interest for your particular question is the Biblical Commission which was entirely changed in 1971; declarations by it beforehand had Magisterial authority; those after did not.

Lots of interesting stuff there if you wanna be a bit of a conspiracy theorist.

Whether it would work for you as a "beginner" probably depends on your temperament. It's very much in the style of a textbook or reference book. It's arranged topically, and will give a basic summary of the topic in question, along with notation of the strength of the teaching (whether it be dogma, doctrine, the general consensus, etc.) and references to primary sources.

As to the references, it typically refers you to Denzinger's Enchiridion Symbolorum, and I share the popular opinion that the two books are best read together.

DS is Denzinger-Schönmetzer, or the Enchiridion Symbolorum, an anthology of primary sources for Catholic dogmatic theology edited by Heinrich Denzinger in 1854 and updated by a series of editors since.

Note that Denzinger numbers may vary between different editions. The footnotes in the Catechism refer to the edition of 1965.

A super awesome family bible could be the way to go, one of the big leather bound ones with pages to record family history.

You could get him a papal blessing.

You could get him a copy of Denzinger which is perhaps more relevant than Canon Law (fite me canonists).

If you want to know Catholic doctrine, go straight to the source:

https://www.amazon.com/Enchiridion-Symbolorum-Compendium-Definitions-Declarations/dp/0898707463/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=denzinger&qid=1570396927&sr=8-1

Oh man you're in for a treat!
https://www.amazon.com/Enchiridion-Symbolorum-Compendium-Definitions-Declarations/dp/0898707463

Here is a decent start: The Enchiridion Symbolorum by Heinrich Denzinger (latest edition)

For an intro to the Fathers, definitely recommend the 3-volume Faith of the Early Fathers by William Jurgens.

Faith of the Early Fathers: Three-Volume Set
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0814610250/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_Qo.0AbD48WTXZ

As far as Church documents, Denzinger is a standard reference (Ignatius has a nice copy on sale for $40 on Amazon), but it’s arranged chronologically which can make it harder for study. For a bit less, you can pick up a copy of The Christian Faith compiled by Jacques Dupuis, which orders everything by topic. This volume is not as comprehensive as Denzinger, but I like it a lot.

Enchiridion Symbolorum: A Compendium of Creeds, Definitions, and Declarations of the Catholic Church (Latin Edition) (Latin and English Edition) https://www.amazon.com/dp/0898707463/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_Yq.0AbN6564B0

The Christian Faith: In the Doctrinal Documents of the Catholic Church https://www.amazon.com/dp/0818908939/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_pr.0AbZBR1BD4

Also, this 1957 edition you've linked has been updated to include through to 2012 or so in the latest 43rd edition, here.

Denzinger is a compendium of dogmatic/doctrinal/important statements of the Church. It has a scriptural index in the back, which allows you to look if there's an official interpretation on a certain Bible verse. It may not have every verse, or every authentic interpretation (and it's only magisterial statements, not interpretations of the Saints) but it is pretty good.