Reddit reviews Indian Food: A Historical Companion

India specific answer. Based on Indian Food - A Historical Companion by K.T. Achaya, Indian food seems to have retained similar flavor profiles and overall techniques and meal composition.

Spices used were similar, except long pepper and black pepper were used more heavily for spicing rather than New World spices such as chili peppers. Native ingredients such as gourds, sqashes, tubers, starchy roots, shallots, were similarly used a lot more than New World vegetables like tomatoes, potatoes, onions etc.

When it comes to meats, a lot more wild game and sea food was used in cooking, as well as a lot of domesticated animals like horse and cow. They were mostly roasted on open fires.

Rice based dishes such as rice and lentils and clarified butter are also largely the same.

From what i have read, it seems like the old Indian dishes would be quite palatable today as well.

Somebody already mentioned 'Raja, Rasoi Aur Anya Kahaniyaan'. There's also Lost Recipes. 'Raja, Rasoi..' is available on Netflix. It's very informative. Brilliant stuff!

I found a blog which mentioned some books about ancient Indian cooking.

This book looks good. A blog summarising the author's work.

Some interesting links I found:

http://southindianfoods.in/ancient_recipes.html

http://www.thehindu.com/seta/2004/10/21/stories/2004102100111600.htm
http://www.thehindu.com/seta/2004/11/04/stories/2004110400061500.htm

http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/ajeats/2016/01/chronicler-indian-food-160104113715853.html

http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-dead-recipes-society-111040200021_1.html

https://mumbai-magic.blogspot.in/2014/12/the-archaeology-of-food-ancient-indian.html

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/idli-saga-a-study-into-the-origin-of-the-south-indian-dish/articleshow/1969178.cms?intenttarget=no