Reddit reviews Picturing Men: A Century of Male Relationships in Everyday American Photography
We found 2 Reddit comments about Picturing Men: A Century of Male Relationships in Everyday American Photography. Here are the top ones, ranked by their Reddit score.
Cherry-Picked CW Science part 8. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
---
Paternal care has around three times more positive influence on boys than on girls. (Improvement of grades in high vs low paternal care was 16% M vs 5% F., N=14,000, GB.)
https://i.imgur.com/BLooiaf.png
https://osf.io/q6fpx (Emmott 2018, pre-print)
---
There is no "police instinct". Unless immediately affected, people do not punish norm-violators for an intrinsic pleasure in norm enforcement, but for the mere benefits of virtue signaling.
https://psyarxiv.com/nybkr/ (Pedersen 2018)
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045662 (Krasnow 2012)
---
Men who are one standard deviation nicer, have an 18.3% lower income. For women it's only 5.47% lower.
http://doi.org/10.1037/a0026021 (Judge 2012)
Women find men scoring high on dark triad traits more attractive (d = 0.94). The dark triad traits are are narcissism (overvaluing one's importance), Machiavellianism (manipulativeness), and psychopathy (lack of empathy).
http://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-015-9142-5 (Gibson 2015)
https://scottbarrykaufman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/The-Dark-Triad-Personality.pdf (Carter 2013)
Based on a British sample (146 women, ages 18-28), the preference for dark triad traits was superlinearly related to sexual experience (0-5 vs 11-15 partners r=.14 p=.15, 11-15 vs 21+ r=.48, p=.005) and also correlated with the desire for marriage (r = 0.18, p=.028).
In other words, women seeking commitment are drawn to men who are less committed (or rather who can afford to signal uncommittedness, or pretend to be able to afford it …).
http://doi.org//10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.032 (Haslam 2016)
Narcissist wives, on the other hand, predicted lower marital quality and more marital problems. For naricissist men, the predictions were non-significant or sometimes slightly reversed, indicating that women prefer and/or can withstand such partners.
https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000137 (Lavner 2016)
---
Emotionality protects feminine women from stress, but not feminine men (−.23 F vs −0.01 M, N=206, AU.).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.075 (O'Connor 2016)
---
Anderson (2009) and Ibson (Ibson 2006) theorized that the fear of being thought gay (homohysteria) has increasingly impeded the physical and emotional intimacy in male friendships.
Ibson illustrates the changing intimacy of heterosexual males in response to the acceptance of homosexuality with 5,000 images (1880s-1980s). By the 1980s, the intimacy was severely damaged.
The full chapter on Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=x6-NAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA8&pg=PA81#v=onepage (Anderson 2009. Inclusive* Masculinity)
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0226368580 (Ibson 2006)
Some of the missing photos are here: https://www.filmsforaction.org/news/bosom-buddies-a-photo-history-of-male-affection/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homohysteria
There is a good summary also in this paper. Both Robinson and Anderson have observed a declining homohysteria more recently, but not very representative samples (e.g. students from a university sports department).
http://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17730386 (Robinson 2017)
*Note that the term inclusivity is on Jordan Peterson's Cultural Marxism blacklist, so this is not exactly MRA stuff.
---
In modern Western societies, 70% of the time it's women who initiate the divorce, probably because women are more choosy and get bored of their partner sooner.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-new-resilience/201508/women-initiate-divorce-much-more-men-heres-why
Cross-culturally though, the leading reasons for divorce are adultery and sterility, and men are especially unforgiving of adultery.
https://i.imgur.com/k7iA9LG.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/nRMO2GT.jpg
http://laurabetzig.org/pdf/CA89.pdf (Betzig 1989)
An explanation might be that "men, but not women, have recurrently faced the problem of uncertainty in their genetic parenthood".
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691617698225 (Buss 2018)
Hypergamy, the tendency that the husband has a greater human capital than the wife, can be formally derived from this premise by economic modeling.
Women can sell exclusive access to sex because men want to be certain about their fatherhood. Men can sell their amassed resources because women need them.
https://d-nb.info/997448148/34 (Saint-Paul 2009)
The economics of human sexuality have also been analyzed in a more recent paper by Baumeister et al.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016748701630277X (Baumeister 2017)
Evolutionary psychology suggests the cause of most intergroup conflicts was over the relative availability of fertile women.
This predicts that an undersupply of women e.g. due to excessive polygamy, increases the chances of civil wars; and that women should be far less resistant to alien rule than men, because they have the option of marrying into the conquering group.
Supporting evidence was found in war data and Eurobarometer data.
http://faculty.washington.edu/hechter/KanazawaPaper.pdf (Satoshi 2005)
"Men who transition to a monogamous, or less competitive, mode of sexual behavior … reduce their risk of violence."
"Impressing and pleasing women, not just acquiring livestock, provide a strong incentive to participate in raids."
"Changes in sexual behavior were shown to be more consistent and stronger in predicting violence than marriage and employment." (Competition–Violence Hypothesis)
http://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2016.1216153 (Seffrin 2016)
https://twitter.com/Evolving_Moloch/status/919262507910381568/photo/1
"Societies at war, polygynous societies, and nonstratified societies (where power is relatively decentralized) have costlier, more dysphoric male rituals and rites of passage."
https://twitter.com/Evolving_Moloch/status/950080224636448768/photo/1
---
85% of human societies have permitted men to have more than one wife (polygynous marriage).
https://i.imgur.com/Yi9EW7O.png (Source: d-place.org > Search > Ethnographic Atlas > Marriage)
A histogram over the number of wives across 186 societies: https://i.imgur.com/NIfD0b5.png
Based on this histogram, the average number of taken women as a fraction of men was 0.805 1 + 0.141 2 + 0.036 3 + 0.012 4 + 0.004 5 + 0.001 6 + 0.002 * 7 ≈ 128%, so 1-1/1.28 ≈ 22% of men got nothing or the sex ratio wasn't 1:1.
http://doi.org/10.1086/203674 (White 1988)
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/royptb/367/1589/657.full.pdf (Henrich 2012)
In Africa, Rates of monogamous marriages are much higher than polygamous ones in proximity to historical locations of Christian Missions.
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304387815000668-gr4.sml
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.06.005 (Fenske 2015)
---
Prices of prostitutes reveal men's age preferences, showing a steep decline after 25 to only half the price by the age of 33.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.01.002
(The age distribution of the prostitutes suggests that oversupply cannot explain lower price at older age. The age of the clients is possibly something like 35±10, so neither can a large supply of young clients. Men fearing STDs in older prostitues might explain their reduced price though.)
---
A meta study found a large publication bias in literature on the attractiveness-IQ link and only found a very weak correlation of r=0.07.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415372/ (Mitchem 2016)
---
Things that are universal to all human cultures:
http://willsull.net/resources/HumanUniversals.pdf (Brown 1991)
---
Some STDs are hitting an all-time high. Syphilis rates increased by nearly 18 percent overall from 2015 to 2016.
https://i.imgur.com/2wKLe65.png
https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p0926-std-prevention.html
---
"Today, anthropologists generally agree that cases of true matriarchy do not exist in human society, and that they most probably never have."
https://traditionsofconflict.com/blog/2018/3/17/where-are-the-matriarchies
"Dominance hierarchies, although widely considered to be aggressive, actually have the paradoxical effect of diminishing overt competition by establishing social rules of 'who dominates whom'."
https://i.imgur.com/o6kmrrr.png
https://books.google.com/books/about/Out_of_Eden.html?id=eMhAjgEACAAJ
Related: "The surprising science of alpha males", a TedX talk by a coinvetor of the term "alpha male", Frans de Waal: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPsSKKL8N0s
Ritualised status competition minimises (the costs of) aggression, and gives rise to many of the traits we call virtues.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38959037_The_conflict-resolution_theory_of_virtue (Curry 2007)
Back to how it use to be and how it should always be!
great book on the subject
"There was a time in America when two men pictured with their arms wrapped around each other, or perhaps holding hands, weren’t necessarily seen as sexually involved—a time when such gestures could be seen simply as those of intimate friendship rather than homoeroticism.
Such is the time John Ibson evokes in Picturing Men, a striking visual record of changes in attitudes about relationships between gentlemen, soldiers, cowboys, students, lumberjacks, sailors, and practical jokers. Spanning from 1850 to 1950, the 142 everyday photographs that richly illustrate Picturing Men radiate playfulness, humor, and warmth. They portray a lost world for American men: a time when their relationships with each other were more intimate than they commonly are today, regardless of sexual orientation. Picturing Men starkly contrasts the calm affection displayed in earlier photographs with the absence of intimacy in photos from the mid-1950s on. In doing so, this lively, accessible book makes a significant contribution to American history and cultural studies, gender studies, and the history of photography."