Reddit reviews Psychoanalytic Diagnosis, Second Edition: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process

The defense mechanism of Turning Against the Self or more globally, the psychological organization of Masochism. One of the oldest axioms in psychoanalysis is "anger turned inwards becomes depression."

See Nancy's Mc Williams Psychoanalytic Diagnosis for a explication of this.

https://www.amazon.com/Psychoanalytic-Diagnosis-Second-Understanding-Personality/dp/1609184947

http://www.amazon.com/Psychodynamic-Understanding-Depression-Willard-Gaylin/dp/B000K3MX1G is a recommended reading on depression by Nancy McWilliams in her book http://www.amazon.com/Psychoanalytic-Diagnosis-Second-Edition-Understanding/dp/1609184947.

And in her book you will find that besides guilt and depression another strong pairing is shame and depression. And based on persons dynamic therapeutic approach is different.

As much as people will recognize Freud more, I'd suggest reading modern authors.

My experience of the field of psychology is that it is very large and diverse, and how personality and character function is understood is fairly contentious and the validity of any tests are dependent on the purpose of the test.
The most robust empirically sound test I am aware of is the Strange Situation, which measures one's "attachment" to others. Knowing one's attachment style can be profound, assuming you understand and are open to what it actually means, which without training or a helpful therapist can be difficult.
Less robust, but much more similar to Myers Briggs in description are the psychoanalytic character styles, best described by Nancy McWilliams in Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. This isn't psychometric testing and cannot be easily empirically validated - however it does find some validation in how it helps practitioners understand their clients and patients (and selves), so to better be able to help them with their concerns.
And there are other tests still, to help decide if a person is more suitable for prison, or community treatment, or suited for a certain high stress activity, etc., etc., the validity for each test being dependent on its desired outcome.
So I guess what I am saying is how valid Myers Briggs is depends partly on what you're using it for and how consistent the results are, which at least according to u/Mockingbird42's informative post, is not very.

Nancy McWilliams has written an incredible book on personality structures which covers the Borderline structure. It's aimed at trained mental health professionals so it's very dense, but also very well written.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/1609184947?pc_redir=1409108898&robot_redir=1

Otherwise, James Masterson writes a lot about BPD, some writings are more accessible than others.

Two that have been particularly helpful in working with more complex cases are Psychoanalytic Diagnosis by Nancy McWilliams, and Schema Therapy by Jeffrey Young et al. I have several other recommendations for emotion-focused therapy, but I'll limit myself to two I've been coming back to recently, Case Studies in Emotion-Focused Treatment of Depression by Jeanne Watson et al. and Working with Emotions in Psychotherapy by Les Greenberg and Sandra Paivio. And of course, Focusing by Eugene Gendlin.