Reddit reviews Sociology is a Martial Art: Political Writings by Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Bourdieu's homo academicus is the best place to start. Bourdieu describes how the French academic system, starting with the high school exams which determine which university you go to and up to the structure of academic departments, serves to reproduce the elite French cultural system. His major point is always that the researcher brings with him or her their own cultural background to what they study and that this must be accounted for as they try to understand other societies or groups. Some of his other works and essay collections, such as Sociology as a Martial Art also dwell on the need for sociologists to understand themselves.

More broadly there's work on 'reflexivity,' where the researcher performs a self-examination to understand their own biases going into their research and, more importantly, to understand how their race, class, education, age, gender and other aspects will affect how they are treated in the field. This work emerged out of Feminist theory, which asked how well women, particularly marginalized and racialized women, could be studied by middle class men who graduated from top universities. This kind of work argues that researchers must team up with locals to conduct research, in essence to train community members to help them conduct research to ensure that the data they gather isn't biased by respondents' perceptions of who they are talking to.