Best rennaissance literary criticism books according to redditors
We found 57 Reddit comments discussing the best rennaissance literary criticism books. We ranked the 24 resulting products by number of redditors who mentioned them. Here are the top 20.
Well, Penelope Maddy has a highly influential paper related to justifying the axioms of ZFC. She does offer a good review of why people pushed for certain set-theoretical axioms historically. Caveat: you need to know some set theory to appreciate it.
What could justification for the rules^1 of logic even look like? While not directly tackling your question, there's lots of relevant information scattered in Fernando Zalamea's book. Caveat: it won't make much sense unless you already know a wide range of higher level mathematics.
One should look at proof theory for a possible justification for the rules of logic. As hinted at by Zalamea, the most important work in that area was done by Jean-Yves Girard. His book, The Blind Spot, disguised as a textbook of proof theory, provides an introduction into how "geometric" considerations could ultimately illuminate the rules of logic. Caveat: to read it, you absolutely have to know proof theory, at least at the level of a beginning graduate student working in the area.
The truly profound questions (e.g. why do classical logic proofs seem to work?) are very elusive. Explanations are very limited, and provided in the form of techincal results.
You'll notice that every paragraph has the same caveat: it requires technical grounding. OP, with all due respect, judging by your recent contributions, you don't have that techincal grounding yet. You'll have to get it by studying mathematics first.
^1 axiom means something else in that context
There once existed this philosopher named Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (most people just call him Hegel for short). Hegel was an extremely influential philosopher during his time, and many people considered themselves Hegelian philosophers. The thing about Hegel is that he's very difficult to understand, and his works were interpreted in many different ways. Basically, you had three schools of thought regarding Hegel (we'll call them the Post-Hegelian philosophers): right-wing Hegelians, left-wing Hegelians, and another group that was a reaction towards left-wing Hegelians. The right-wing Hegelians believed that Hegel was saying Christianity is basically true, but that the Bible speaks in metaphors. The left-wing Hegelians believed Hegel was saying Christianity wasn't true at all, and thus he was advocating atheism (Marx fell into this category). The final group believed that the left-wingers were correct, that Hegel was saying Christianity was false, and therefore Hegelianism is an evil fraud (Kierkegaard). The final group did not align themselves with the right-wing group, because they felt that the Bible is literal (doesn't speak in metaphors), and that the right-wingers were misled.
Marx puts forward a theory of alienation, where our internal issues can be fixed via society. Kierkegaard believes you can fix your problems by establishing the right relationship with God. However, Kierkegaard also believes that one must fix themselves before anything else. (Marx believes on must fix society, and the fixing of self will follow from that). So, Kierkegaard focuses on self rather than society.
Now, the thing that's kind of interesting about Kierkegaard is that he's not really a philosopher -- in fact, he despises philosophers. He is a literary figure in Denmark who happens to find himself in a Denmark that becomes very Hegelian -- even the religious establishment goes Hegelian. Kierkegaard makes religion the topic on which he constructs his literature, thus his literature espouses much of his religious beliefs.
In Either/Or Kierkegaard puts forward two stages of human existence: the aesthetic stage, and the ethical stage. In order to better understand how Kierkegaard can reconcile his Christianity with his existentialism, it is important to understand these two stages. So, below I go into a very minor amount of detail on them, and in doing so I give you an incomplete picture. This is just scratching the surface, and if you find yourself interested in the subject I highly recommend reading the books I suggest at the end of this post.
The Aesthetic Stage
The aesthete is concerned not with the self, but rather with the world that they live in. They want the world to become a work of art. The aesthete lives for the immediate satisfaction of his senses, which conflicts with the aesthete's ability to reflect on his own life, and the way he in which he lives it. The aesthete moves from one pleasure to another, and enjoys himself, but he lacks introspection. The aesthete is not immoral, but rather pre-moral. Also, aestheticism does not equal hedonism. The aesthete abides by morals insofar as they are not boring or inartistic.
The Ethical Stage
To become an ethical human one first needs to take very seriously the norms of the community. The main thing that distinguishes Kierkegaard from Hegel here is choice. It's not a process of evolution that one becomes moral (Hegel), but rather you choose to be ethical. This means that you also have the choice not to be ethical (existentialism!). There can be no ethical life until you've chosen that there can be a difference between good and bad. In the ethical stage one can reflect on one's life, and thus is accountable for living a moral life (or not). The ethical person no longer sees the world as the most important part of living, but rather he now sees himself as the most important part of the world -- his inner existence is more important than anything else. The ethical person now has the choice to take control of his/her own life, or to not do so. The ethical person works towards being a moral and good person by shaping himself as a moral and good person, thus he is the most important aspect in his being, not society or any other external sources (existentialism!).
The Religious Stage
This is discussed in Fear and Trembling, not Either/Or. This stage is not reached by being ethical or anything else. In fact, it is my interpretation that Kierkegaard actually says the person in the ethical stage cannot reach the religious stage, but that's my spin and I could be wrong -- I didn't mention this, but Kierkegaard thinks that living in the Aesthetic stage leads one to despair, and suicide. However, it is my belief that in the state of despair in the Aesthetic stage, one makes the leap of faith to the religious stage, thus skipping the ethical stage entirely. Again, this could be wrong.
End Stages
So, we are still left with the question, if Kierkegaard looks to the external (i.e., God), then how can he be considered an existentialist? The point that Kierkegaard is making with these stages is that we have a choice in this stages, thus we are responsible for our own lives. We have the choice of being religious, or being an aesthete. We are in control of our own lives, therefore we are responsible for everything that happens to us. It's important to note that these stages are not like Freud's stages of development. An aesthete can choose to be an aesthete for his entire life, and never enter a different stage. An ethical person chooses the ethical stage. Kierkegaard believes deeply in personal reflection, and the fact that we are responsible for our own lives. This is existentialism.
TL;DR (and encapsulated for a 5 year old): It is true that Kierkegaard looks to God, but his work is still existential because he focuses on the fact that we are free to choose our lives, and thus are responsible for how our lives are going. As well, Kierkegaard places a lot of importance on reflecting on ourselves, and the importance of the self rather than the world.
Further Reading
Either/Or
Fear and Trembling
The Living Thoughts of Kierkegaard - This book gives you a clear picture of Kierkegaard's religious beliefs. Also, gives a decent understanding of his philosophy, but not great.
Kierkegaard: An Introduction - This book makes things amazingly clear about Kierkegaard's philosophy.
A much less serious but still worthy book is The Ode Less Traveled.
https://www.amazon.com/Ode-Less-Travelled-Unlocking-Within/dp/1592403115
It only really covers meter and classic forms, but it's very fun, has great examples and exercises to try at the end of every chapter. Plus you can get it for less than 10usd.
My MFA in Creative Writing is for poetry, so I apologize for the bias here.
One of my favorite books from my MFA program was Stephen Fry's The Ode Less Traveled. I highly recommend it as a primer for poetry. It's very approachable, has great examples, and includes exercises. Plus, it's Stephen Fry, so it has an enthusiasm and charisma that you don't always see in reference books like this.
I'd also recommend having both "free weeks" and structured writing prompts. Especially for people who aren't already comfortable with poetry, having a prompt of some kind can do wonders for getting started. You're likely to have students on both sides of the spectrum, so having a mix of free writing and prompts should be helpful. There are loads of prompts online if you get stumped.
Here are a couple of my favorite exercises:
Have fun!
Camus was both an essay writer and a fiction author, so reading a piece of each is a good idea. The Stranger would be his best work of fiction to read, and "The Myth of Sisyphus" his best essay. It really lays out his ideas regarding the absurd. It usually appears in a book called The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. Both books, especially the first, are in most libraries.
I haven't read Kierkegaard, but I've heard that Either/Or is both a simple read and puts his ideas on display. If you'd prefer to read it online, here's a link that I found.
I've yet to see that title, though I'll check it out. Gonna drop these here for posterity, as the're generally regarded as wonderful books on the various forms, mechanics and techniques of writing poetry. The more resources, the better, aye?
The Poet's Companion: A Guide to the Pleasures of Writing Poetry, Kim Addonizio
The Ode Less Travelled: Unlocking the Poet Within, Stephen Fry
A Poetry Hanbook, Mary Oliver
I would pick up a copy of America: https://www.amazon.com/America-Jean-Baudrillard/dp/184467682X
It's an easy read (more of a travel log than a formal text).
If you want to make a trip to your library, I suggest you look into Irving Singer's The Nature of Love (3 volumes) in which he gives a thorough account of love. https://www.amazon.com/Nature-Love-Modern-Irving-Library/dp/0262512742
https://books.google.ca/books/about/The_Nature_of_Love.html?id=C-MTHjIOJBsC&redir_esc=y
There are many philosophers, so we can't list you all the definitions and accounts of what love is for all of them. Plato, for instance, highlights the fact that Greek language had three words for love: eros (sexual/physical desire for an object), agape (religious love, selfless in terms of behavior), and philia (friendship, brotherhood, a commitment towards people you intend to support reciprocally). Many other thinkers used Stendhal's idea that romantic love is the idealization of someone for some other end-goal (i.e: you love someone because you see in them something related to you, you do not see them for who they are, but for who you want them to be).
If you look at the article on love in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/love/), you'll see that there are a few theories that emerged within contemporary philosophy: the robust concern theory, the union view theory, etc.
You can also look at the romantic thinkers (Coleridge, Burke, Fichte, Goethe, etc.) and see that they are interested about love in terms of how it shapes social interactions and how it ought to shape them (i.e: many romantic writers and thinkers take on some of the ideals of the romance genre which advocates for loving commitment, freedom of choosing who to love, etc.).
Is there anything particular about this topic you're interested in?
Having read some of the comments below here are some TV and book suggestions if you're interested in exploring some of Mr. Fry's work.
TV
A Bit of Fry and Laurie a sketch comedy show he did with his friend Hugh Laurie (Dr. House on TV's House. Yes, he's English.)
Jeeves and Wooster Television adaptations of P.G. Wodehouse books. (Wodehouse is definitely worth reading.)
Kingdom A typical quaint village TV show that's not particularly exceptional but is entertaining (if you like British TV).
Stephen Fry in America A really great series in which Mr. Fry drives through the United States in a London style cab meeting locals and making observations.
Also worth seeing: Last Chance To See and Black Adder.
BOOKS
The Liar I recommend this if you like clever writing and unusual stories but I read it well over 10 years ago and can't sum up the plot.
Hippopotamus An odd and humorous tale of a not exactly friendly middle aged man who is asked by an old friend to investigate some unusual goings on at a country estate.
Revenge A clever retelling of a classic story. (I won't name the classic as I wasn't aware it was a retelling until a ways into the book I realized the plot was similar to the classic. So, if you're interested in making your own discovery skip the jacket notes and site reviews.)
Moab Is My Washpot The first of Mr. Fry's autobiographies, this one covers his childhood and teen years. He's completely honest about growing up gay and also about the less than ideal fellow he was.
The Fry Chronicles Mr. Fry's second autobiography which covers his college years and the beginning of his professional career.
The Ode Less Travelled: Unlocking the Poet Within A surprisingly interesting and informative book about writing poetry.
INTERNET
The New Adventures of Mr. Stephen Fry Mr. Fry's website.
Stephen Fry on Twitter
Stephen Fry on Tumblr
And for something really interesting and easy to access, watch (or listen to) a video free-form talk he did for a magazine or website. He makes some great observations and points about modern times, life in general, and how to be a happy and decent person.
Sartre presented a lecture called "Existentialism and Humanism," which can now be found in print as Existentialism is a Humanism. It's almost like an Existentialism manefesto, per se. The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus is a good treatise on existentialism (Absurdism, really, but it'll do).
I would not hesitate to start reading fiction novels that have Existentialist themes. Camus' The Stranger, Sartre's Nausea, and Dostyevsky's Notes From the Underground are just a few that will find your studies well.
As for secondary literature, the only text I can knowledgeably recommend is Existentialism For Dummies, as I'm currently working my way through it. It's actually not as bad as you might think coming from the "For Dummies" series. It doesn't go too in-depth, and ideas are very concise and oftentimes humorous.
I have also heard good things about David Cogswell's Existentialism For Beginners, though I have never read it myself.
If your niece feels comfortable with this level of writing and philosophical examination, it is almost imperative to read Kierkegaard's Either/Or and Fear and Trembling, Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, and Sartre's Being and Nothingness, among others. It is good to have some background understanding of Kant and perhaps have a few essays by Schopenhauer under your belt leading up to the more rigorous academics like Heidegger and Hegel.
Good luck, and happy reading!
Good list.
I might add:
Rousseau -- Social Contract
You can also add in Rousseau's Discourses
Machiavelli -- The Prince
Aristotle -- Politics
Locke -- Two Treatises of Government
Hayek -- The Road to Serfdom
Miguel de Unamuno "Tragic Sense of Life"
Paulo Freire "Pedagogy of the Oppressed"
John Ruskin "Unto This Last"
William Morris "News From Nowhere"
Marge Piercy "Woman on the Edge of Time"
Aristotle "Nicomachean Ethics"
Tommaso Campanella "City of the Sun" / Michel de Montaigne "Of Cannibals"
Habermas "Philosophical Discourse of Modernity"
Soren Kierkegaard "Either/Or"
Kafka "The Castle"
Lewis Carroll "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There"
Of each, I would do as the King says: start at the beginning, and go on until you reach the end: then stop.
I've been working through The Ode Less Traveled, a book about writing poetry by Stephen Fry. I'm not sure if it's helping, but it's just as delightful to read as you'd imagine a book on writing poetry by Stephen Fry would be.
Some ones I can think of offhand plus a few lists:
Me & Dog
http://www.goodreads.com/list/show/41547.Atheism_and_Religious_Disbelief_in_Children_s_Fiction
http://www.csicop.org/si/show/skeptical_books_for_children_and_young_adults
http://www.atheistrepublic.com/blog/karenloethen/books-your-skeptical-children
There Are Not Monsters Under Your Bed: A Storybook for Skeptical Thinkers
Maybe Right, Maybe Wrong
It Is Ok To Be A Godless Me
Humanism, What's That?: A Book for Curious Kids
I'm An Atheist And That's Ok
Older than The Stars
Our Family Tree: An Evolution Story
Star Stuff: Carl Sagan and the Mysteries of the Cosmos
Richard Dawkins’ The Magic of Reality
The Golden Rule
The Belief Book
http://parentingbeyondbelief.com/parents/?p=384
God Is Redundant
I'd start with the book that played a large role in the revival of the modern occult: H.P. Blavatsky's The Hidden Doctrine, which is a synthesis of occult philosophies from all over the world.
Then, I'd go over the text on which all hermetic knowledge derives from; The Corpus Hermeticum by Hermes Trismegistus
I'd also reccomend looking into The Pistis Sophia, which explains the philosophies of early Gnosticism.
Another important text would be The Vision and the Voice by Aleister Crowley, which is an account of 30 visions that document how one may attain enlightenment, had by Crowley while he was performing a series of Enochian rituals out in the desert.
The Cosmic Doctrine by Dion Fortune is a book that was channeled by Dion Fortune, which she believes explains the hidden secrets and doctrine of the universe.
The Mystical Qabalah by Dion Fortune is a great book that explains the Qabalah, the system of philosophy which is the backbone of the occult.
This list would be incomplete without also including Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, which was written by a Renaissance occultist named Henry Agrippa and is a foundational text to all branches of occult philosophy and knowledge.
The Dhammapada, The Questions of King Milinda, THE TÂO TEH KING, The Bhagavad Gita, The Upanishads, and The I-Ching are all also important philosophical texts to the occult. While they are not necessarily "occult" themselves, they all had a huge influence on the modern occult today, as well as many famous occultists such as Aleister Crowley, Dion Fortune, H.P. Blavatsky, etc.
Here is a link to the videos for the 4 part "Sweet Swan of Avon" documentary, where Petter Amundsen details his theories. They are in Norwegian with English subtitles. I believe this is the series that appeared on tv, before the full length documentary was made.
http://vimeo.com/album/2918997
I have not found a video link for "Shakespearre: The Hidden Truth" yet, but will post here if I do.
He does have an ebook on Amazon. "Oak Island & the Treasure Map in Shakespeare by Petter Amundsen".
http://www.amazon.com/Oak-Island-Treasure-Map-Shakespeare-ebook/dp/B007TUGKCQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1421438525&sr=8-1&keywords=shakespeare+the+hidden+truth
As a Canadian I have known about the mystery of oak island for many many years, I learned about it as a child. I have read several books on Oak Island, with different theories. I am following the series "The Curse of Oak Island" on the history channel. I would love to see the mystery solved, which is why I tune in every week. The show is repetitive, and geared to keep the reader in suspense. It is made for TV and thus it sensationalizes every find or new piece of info. But I don't really care, I want to see the mystery solved!
24 years ago was a better time for me as well.
"The Prince" [Niccolò Machiavelli]
"The Demon-Haunted World [Carl Sagan]
"Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid" [Douglas Hofstadter]
"On War" [Carl von Clausewitz]
"Intuition Pumps And Other Tools For Thinking" [Daniel C. Dennett]
> It's not useful in this context to group the mathematics underpinning computer design under philosophy.
It's absolutely useful in the context of a discussion about Stephen Hawking declaring "philosophy is dead". If mathematics is a branch of philosophy than it's impossible for that statement to be true.
>I know my math better than my philosophy, but I do know both well enough to know there really isn't that much. But I am willing to be proven wrong. What overlap do you see?
I'd suggest maybe taking a look at some of the case studies in Synthetic Philosophy of Contemporary Mathematics starting at page 133 or skipping over to part three on page 269 and referring back when necessary. The book leans towards the philosophical side of things so it may be insightful for you.
In reality depending on how you define mathematics, philosophy, logic, and other terms we're discussing here you'll find yourself under the assumption that it's inherently part of philosophy, overlaps it in places, or has nothing to do with it. I'm certainly not under the impression I can prove to you that they overlap heavily or not but that is my stance on the matter.
EDIT: For more (or different) reading you can check out the philosophy section over at ncatlab.org.
Stephen Fry wrote a very very good book about poetry and how to write it..
Is he a canonized saint? Oh I didn't know that.
Either way he was an incredible writer. The Consolation of Philosophy is a short book which he wrote while in prison awaiting execution. It's one of those books you'll read and wonder why it isn't more famous (it used to be, but hey, we have an anti-medieval and anti-Catholic bias in academia now).
Good if you want to get into Dante, too.
Free edition available online at Gutenberg or Adelaide
A free PDF version
The more modern copy I read and enjoyed
Supposedly the new Relihan translation is good?
I actually found this really useful (but I love hard copies/books, so there's that):
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Penguin-Dictionary-Philosophy-Thomas-Mautner/dp/0141018402/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=penguin+philosophy+dictionary&qid=1556527373&s=gateway&sr=8-1
Unfortunately I lost my copy and haven't got around to replacing it yet.
I would recommend The Ode Less Travelled by Stephen Fry. It might not strike you as college level but it works through all the techniques used by poets and serves as a solid intro while remaining accessible.
I believe the poster 0HAO is referring to this course from Open Yale: Modern Poetry. I would recommend this as a good intro to the modern period along with many of the key poets, though the video lectures alone teach you little about how poems are made up. Langdon Hammer is also great at reading poetry IMO.
Oh and read these.
http://www.amazon.com/Poems-Poets-Poetry-Introduction-Anthology/dp/0312463197
http://www.amazon.com/Ode-Less-Travelled-Unlocking-Within/dp/1592403115/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1348630139&sr=1-1&keywords=the+ode+less+traveled
For one of my literary theory classes in undergrad, we used this book. The author analyzes 'The Great Gatsby' through the lens of 10 or 12 critical frameworks. It was really illuminating, clear, and enjoyable to read. Lit theory is the focus, but it also provided a lot of insight into the fundamental ideas of the various critical perspectives that were highlighted. Definitely recommended.
Critical theory does tend to be cryptic, deliberately so in a lot of cases. You might enjoy Baudrillard's America. It's fairly accessible as far as his stuff goes, if you have a rudimentary understanding of his Hyperreal idea.
My girlfriend and I tried this before ultimately enrolling in three months of immersion in Bologna.
Secondo me...the first book's translation is a lot harder than the second one. If you do do this, make sure you get the corresponding audiobook in Italian so you can practice listening; but be forewarned that the speaker is crazy-fast. As much as it sounds like a good idea, at the end of the day I just think it's too hard to use as a beginning text. It's partly because the audio is so damned fast, it's partly because of the made-up words, it's partly because the choice of verbs and idiom is anything but beginner-focused, and it's partly because it's a narrative with tons of passato remoto, but when you add it all up, it's just not a "kid's book" with respect to learning Italian. So at a minimum, make sure you get the audiobook...
It's a little boring, but may I recommend the Assimil book and CD: http://www.amazon.com/Italian-Assimil-Language-Learning-Programs/dp/270051064X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1373819682&sr=8-1&keywords=assimil+italian instead? The book is the size of a small paperback and introduces a nice working vocabulary (even trying to teach you the tonic stress in text -- it uses bold to highlight which vowel has the stress) and the CD has speakers of both sexes whom you'll have no problem understanding. It's boring in the sense that it's teaching you vocabulary like 'tickets,' 'elevator,' and 'camping' instead of made-up fantastical words with myriad suffixes (suffisi alternativi) that make the real language so much fun and yet are completely, mind-bogglingly opaque to beginners.
And once you're bootstrapped enough to sort-of read, you want this: http://www.amazon.com/Grammatica-italiana-base-Pietro-Trifone/dp/8808070751/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1373820448&sr=1-1&keywords=grammatica+italiana+di+base as your grammar reference, and this: http://www.amazon.com/Bantam-College-Italian-English-Dictionary/dp/0553279475/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1373820738&sr=1-1&keywords=bantam+italian+english for your dictionary.
In bocca al lupo!
If I want to read this what version should I buy? Is this one good?
https://www.amazon.com/Prince-Dover-Thrift-Editions/dp/0486272745
I would reccomend that you start with "America". It is accessible (it does require work to understand his prose, terminology, etc.) and it does touch on some of big concepts. If you want something in terms of secondary literature, the Introducing series has a book on Baudrillard and Purdue has a few accessible modules on Baudrillard.
He wrote a book about it.
you're likely to get a zillion answers. poetry is such a wild and broad field, with many disparate subsets. And the difficulty in your question is that if i answer with The BreakBeat Poets or War Poems, where I find several valuable poems in each, you would invariably find them drastically more or less valuable to you.
I've read a couple handfuls of anthologies, and my lesson learned is that ... it kinda doesn't matter. liking poetry is a numbers game for me - if i want to add more poetry to the list of poems i like, I've got to read about a hundred more poems.
it doesn't quite matter the author, or era - though i do have to say i'm starting to figure out where/when more of the poetry i like tends to come from.
I highly suggest 2 things - any used book-store is going to have a dusty, not-often-shopped pair of shelves called poetry, in which you'll be able to find some classics, and some anthologies, for a few dollars each. super cheap, generally. Then, take the bulk of your budget to a new book-store and shop that section for a specific style/author/genre that you think might kin with him.
There are tons of anthologies these days centered around all sorts of lives and lifestyles. urban living, country living, black, Hispanic, old, young, hobo/travelers, gay, spiritual, ... all the sorts.
Regardless, good luck, have fun.
A good place to start.
I despise these people and this kind of thinking specifically, religion has consolidated power and justified genocide which has done nothing but harm the entire human race, and it continues to do so.
However if I may say 1 thing, the Islamic golden age which dated from the 8th to the 14th century was supported by Islamic doctrine that was interpreted as being supportive of scientific pursuit. The House of wisdom in Baghdad welcomed anyone from any background to translate everything to the language of learning of the time, Arabic. here's a link to some of the verses and reasoning behind this claim
That being said, it was the Islamic reawakening that brought about the end of the Islamic golden age, the Mongols burned the libraries but they didn't impact the fire of learning and tolerance in the hearts of the middle easterners. The teachings of the likes of ibn taymiyya and earlier examples of people that linked science to heretical belief became more and more popular.
Ibn taymiyya who is widely regarded today as a "great" Islamic scholar had a problem with logic . This ofcourse following the "Sunni Revival" or "Recentering" which paved the way for the abandonment of observable science for the sake of mysticism and delusional thinking.
For further reading I recommend learning about the different Islamic philosophies of the asharites and mu'tazilites . The asharites want you to accept everything as an act of God without question and the mu'tazilites want you to search and use logic and reason, both philosophies come from Islamic texts, I'll let you guess which thinking won in the end.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B007TUGKCQ/ref=redir_mdp_mobile
>"Scrierea unei poezii este precum prepararea unei cafele [...] nu oricine poate face asta"
Am invatat sa folosesc un espressor din cela mare, de restaurant, in cateva ore. De scris pozii? Nici dupa ce am citit "The Ode Less Travelled" nu imi iese ceva la fel de bun precum o cafea.
Dar faina initiativa!
David Copperfield will teach you just how long a sentence can be; The Old Man and the Sea will teach you just how short. A seven- or eight-word description can be just as vivid as a flowery paragraph, while a long sequence can be just as emotionally hard-hitting as a blunt fragment.
Something like Gulliver's Travels or Don Quixote will introduce you to archaic syntax and idioms, while Catch-22 and The Sound and the Fury will introduce you to non-linear and stream-of-consciousness structures. All of this will expand your appreciation of what can be done with the language.
Some novels have messages: 1984, To Kill a Mockingbird, Lord of the Flies, The Great Gatsby, Brave New World, etc. These can be good for familiarizing yourself with the origin of many references in popular culture, such as allusions to Big Brother.
Explore beyond the novel as well: read Shakespeare and go see it performed, read poetry and have a go at writing some, and read in-depth essays.
First off, thank you responding so quickly, when I searched this in english I came across this (640 pages) and also this (702 pages) and this (536 pages), but when I try to find the turkish translation I can only find this (117 pages, seems to be about Johannes Climacus?).
No problem! It certainly is ambitious for a first-time attempt, but for what it's worth I think you're doing great so far!
For a quick-and-dirty guide you can check out this quick meter explanation. If you've got a little bit of spending money, I highly reccomend The Ode Less Travelled by the disgustingly talented Stephen Fry. Again, poetry isn't really my forte, but hopefully these will give you enough information to know what to google!
I wouldn't call it its own field, but there certainly has been a good bit of work on the topic, at least during the Middle Ages. The Envy of Angels, The Rise of Universities and The First Universities pop into mind.
I'm just leaving this here.
https://www.amazon.com/All-Gall-Divided-Aphorisms-Cioran/dp/1559704713
I mean... what you claimed is analogous to:
> Please go ahead and link me to the literature claiming that objective morality exists.
Have you heard of Kant? The vast majority of moral philosophy since Kant is positivist. Consequentialism, utilitarianism, realism, cognitivism, humanism, etc.
> I refer you back to my last comment. An individual can believe that something is moral but not be obligated by it. I am certain that you are not obligated to do every single thing that you believe to be moral.
Then you aren’t a moral agent right? And if you are a moral agent, then to be a rational actor you’d have to act rationally. To be a rational actor, are you obligated to act rationally?
PS do you want me to write a summary of why moral realism is so prevalent so you don’t have to read them all? It’s super straightforward logically.
Featured on Season I episode 4 of COOI. This is a 2009 show. The show was updated in 2016 here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOXZS3mR1Ek
After appearing on COOI, he wrote a free ebook in 2017 on Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Oak-Island-Treasure-Map-Shakespeare-ebook/dp/B007TUGKCQ?keywords=Oak+Island+and+the+Treasure+Map+in+Shakespeare&qid=1540673446&sr=8-1-fkmrnull&ref=sr_1_fkmrnull_1. I don't have the time to read it. Maybe someone else can. However, I would be more interested if the Amundsen hadn't moved on to writing fad diet books.
I would definitely recommend Baudrillard's book America for more about the idea of the "Anytown." Specifically, he considers the illusion of travel on the interstate highway system--you're never really traveling anywhere when every town has basically the same strip malls, McDonald's, Exxon, Arby's, Motel 6, etc. right off the exit. All you've done is trick yourself into thinking you've gone somewhere else.
I'd recommend Gwynne's Latin.
See Gwynne's website for how to pronounce the Latin correctly.