(Part 2) Top products from r/Logic

There are probably a couple boolean logic ones? I haven't played a lot of logic games. I used to play a game called tis-100 which is a game about a weird parallel assembly type language that I found pretty fun, it has some logic elements to it. It looks like there are a few logic games on the android playstore but I can't vouch for any specifically.

I know a couple books that looked kind of fun:

https://www.amazon.com/Mock-Mockingbird-Raymond-Smullyan/dp/0192801422?SubscriptionId=AKIAILSHYYTFIVPWUY6Q&tag=duckduckgo-ffab-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=0192801422

Some of the recommended ones for this book that popped up for me looked cool as well.

Dover has some cool looking recreational logic books.

You can also always try and make new formulas to work on for yourself by using chapters from topics that you already covered as inspiration.

So if you know propositional logic then you can make some propositional arguments and try to prove or refute them for yourself.

I really liked Irving Copi's Introduction to Logic. I don't know if its the best for self-learners per se but over all its just a great logic textbook and really helped me out. Also, Irving Copi studied under Bertrand Russell while at the University of Chicago so there's some bonus points right here.

Well I learned from these (undergraduate level):

The Power of Logic by Howard-Snyder, Howard-Snyder and Wasserman

and

Methods of Logic by Willard Van Orman Quine

I highly recommend both but Methods is not a good place to start. Excellent once you can handle yourself though. Unfortunately The Power of Logic is somewhat expensive.

By the way, here's an excellent online resource that you may find helpful.

Well there's Tennant's new book, Core Logic. I haven't read it, but I hope to convince a couple of my colleagues to join me in doing so this year.

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy are free sources. Most books I recommended are pretty cheap and worth having a physical copy. For instance, Forever Undecided is just $12 for a new copy, less than $3 for an used hardcover. But, if price is too impeding for you, you can always find a pdf copy on the internet.

Sol Feferman is one of the greatest logicians of the second half of the 20th century, and quite a good writer. I haven't read his Gödel biography, but you can rest assured that, as far as its mathematical and philosophical content is concerned, it is of the very highest quality; he actually knew Gödel in person, though not very well, as he was a shy graduate student back then in Princeton. One of the few close friends of Gödel that wrote about him was Hao Wang. You might want to take a look at his writings, e.g. https://www.amazon.com/Reflections-Kurt-G%C3%B6del-Hao-Wang/dp/0262730871.

I can recommend two books which I have read recently.

1. An Introduction to Mathematical Logic is more structured and formal description of logic.
   
2. [Introduction to Logic] (http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Logic-Methodology-Deductive-Mathematics/dp/048628462X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1449702263&sr=8-7&keywords=mathematical+logic) gives more insights and helps to get a big picture of logic.
   I enjoyed both of them a lot and going to read them again.

This is how I learned logic, for computer science.

First chapter of this Discrete mathematics book in my discrete math class

https://www.amazon.ca/Discrete-Mathematics-Applications-Susanna-Epp/dp/0495391328


Then, using The Logic Book for a formal philosophy logic 1 course.
https://www.amazon.ca/Logic-Book-Merrie-Bergmann/product-reviews/0078038413/ref=dpx_acr_txt?showViewpoints=1


The second book was horrid on itself, luckily my professor's academic lineage goes back to Tarski. He's an amazing Professor and knows how to teach...that was a god send. Ironically, he dropped the text and I see that someone has posted his openbook project.

The first book (first chapter), is too applied I imagine for your needs. It would also only be economically feasible if well, you disregarded copyright law and got a "free" PDF of it.

This is not an online resource, but this book is good if you can find it.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Logic-Trees-Introduction-Symbolic/dp/0415133424

Well, to answer the question "is it logical that both can be correct?" Sure! There are logics that allows contradictions to be designated, so it's "logical" in that it's perfectly acceptable within the rules of at least one logic that "p ^ ~p" is true.

As far as the applicability of those logics to reality, which might be another aspect to the question rather than a new question, the Liar Sentence and phenomena in the boundary area of vague predicates have been put forth as examples of things that actually are contradictory, and so would be accurately modeled by logics that tolerate contradictions.

http://www.amazon.com/The-Law-Non-Contradiction-Graham-Priest/dp/0199204195

That book there is highly relevant.

Logic, Language, and Meaning, vol. 2: Intensional Logic and Logical Grammar by
Gamut

It's a highly regarded and classic textbook on the subject, though the latter
portion of the book deals specifically with applications to natural language
(Montague Grammar). The authors are a group of Dutch experts in logic,
philosophy, and linguistics. "Gamut" is their collective name.

In the logic classes I took (my professor always said he hated the textbooks), we used this book and this book. They weren't perfect, but they were a good start.

Leary was my favorite. He skips over the propositional calculus, but I imagine you'll be fine having had a little exposure already. It's unfortunate that it's out of print, but I'm sure you can find a cheap copy.

This is a question about rhetoric. Rhetoric is generally based on logic, ethics and emotion.

Rhetoric is less related to pure logic then many think. Even a fully 'logical' argument would be damn hard to break down into propositional logic for example. NLTK has some discourse semantics engines if you are a programmer and interested in this area.

In terms of actual argument a book like 'thank you for arguing' might be of more help then a fully logical textbook. If you do want to study logic there are many threads on this sub asking for book advise.

Algorithmic Puzzles

check this guy out
http://www.amazon.com/Blink-Power-Thinking-Without/dp/0316010669?ie=UTF8&*Version*=1&*entries*=0

This is probably the hardest logic text I have ever attempted to read.

How about "Mathematical Logic: A first course" by Joel Robbin (https://www.amazon.com/Mathematical-Logic-First-Course-Mathematics/dp/048645018X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1541650359&sr=8-1&keywords=joel+robbin+mathematical+logic)

He covers axiomatic symbolic logic in a system that just has F and material implication. He covers some axiomatic systems in a pretty basic way that I've not seen before.

Also, Smullyan's "Beginner's Guide to Mathematical Logic", and it's sequel, "Beginner's further guide to mathematical logic". Smullyan is obsessed with the idea of primitives representable by other primitives, and vice versa, it shows in "To Mock A Mockingbird" and these beginner's guides.

Not sure about OP but I have this book: https://www.amazon.ca/Logic-Book-6th-Merrie-Bergmann-ebook/dp/B00DC6XRTU and it has so many typos. The rules in the back to help you with translations have completely wrong formulas.