(Part 2) Top products from r/embedded

Not sure what your budget is (buy used books or South Asia editions), but you may find the following useful :-)

Also, unless required, avoid programming in assembly but use C/C++ exclusively. This allows you to carry over much of your acquired knowledge across various MCU families.

• Make: AVR Programming This will teach you programming directly-to-the-metal on AVR using C. If you have the Arduino IDE installed, you already have the "avr-gcc" compiler toolchain as part of the package and hence you just need to setup your path and use the the toolchain in your Makefile. The book takes you by hand and shows you everything. Note that you can use the same Arduino board to do both "Arduino language" programming and "AVR C" programming.
  
  
• Designing Embedded Hardware Excellent overview of the hardware aspects of Embedded Systems. As a Software guy, this book is the one which clarified hardware for me.
  
  
• Building Embedded Systems: Programmable Hardware A very good book on all practical aspects of embedded programming. Hard-won knowledge which will make you a "professional" embedded engineer.
  
  
• Introduction to Embedded Systems: Using Microcontrollers and the MSP430 Excellent and comprehensive textbook detailing the hardware and software aspects of embedded systems. Every topic starts with an illustrated overview of the hardware and then shows you how to program for it.
  
  
• Embedded C Introductory book on C programming for 8051. The example code is simple and direct thus enabling you to grasp the concepts clearly.
  
  
• Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems Comprehensive and full of C code showing how to program all standard peripherals for an 8051. You can translate the code to your favourite MCU family. The book is available for free from the author's company website.
  
  
• ARM System Developer's Guide An oldie but still the best for firmware programming on the ARM microprocessor.
  
  
• Practical Microcontroller Engineering with ARM technology An exhaustive book on programming the Tiva version of the ARM Cortex-M4 MCU. The book reads like a manual but the ARM Cortex is complex enough that there is no easy way to learn it.
  
  
• The Engineering of Reliable Embedded Systems Advanced book showing how to implement industrial quality embedded software on various ARM platforms. The 1st edition of the book was available for free on the web.
  
  and finally;
  
  
• Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective A must-read textbook to understand the low-level details for a x86/x86-64 system. Many of these details are similar for MCUs and hence you will understand them better.

So I found the book C Interfaces and Implementations, which looks pretty good. Do you have any other recommendations for design pattern books?

I have been following the Linux kernel style guide for a while and I am pretty happy with it. I have skimmed some random kernel code a few times but always felt actually diving in and seriously reading it would require a big time commitment, maybe better to start with something smaller first like Contiki...

It depends on what the company does. Math does come up in embedded (e.g. control theory, modeling, DSP, etc.) but usually it's not super theoretical, and you can look up what you need when you need it. It's rare that you would have to derive something from scratch generally (and even then you can work up to it).

If you're doing a lot of computational stuff, some reading on numerical methods might be more helpful (something like this) - even if you have computers to do the heavy lifting for you, being aware of the basics can be helpful in avoiding common issues with precision, numerical stability, etc.

Depends very much where you start. "FPGA development" is a pretty broad field touching electronic and digital design, system architecture, hardware design languages, toolchains, simulation, testing, design synthesis, timing analysis and more. I'm not aware of "one" book covering everything. Here are some popular titles from entry level to advanced with a decent coverage of the mentioned topics:

https://www.amazon.com/Programming-FPGAs-Getting-Started-Verilog/dp/125964376X

https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Digital-Logic-Verilog-Design/dp/0073380547

https://www.amazon.com/Advanced-FPGA-Design-Architecture-Implementation/dp/0470054379

When I know that an interview is gona be technical - I run through Expert C Programming: Deep C Secrets by van Linden. It's pretty dope - not boring and goes pretty deep on the low-level stuff.

I’ve found that this is a good resource:

Embedded Systems Security: Practical Methods for Safe and Secure Software and Systems Development https://www.amazon.com/dp/0123868866

Fellow Embedded Engineer here.
You learn this from books: The Definitive Guide to ARM® Cortex®-M3 and Cortex®-M4 Processors.
And just RTFM of course: Cortex M4 technical reference manual.

And of course the chip vendors documentation, since there will be some implementation defined stuff (eg: which memory bank stuff will boot to).

Don't forget the compiler and linker documentation. Lot's stuff is there, just scrolling through once gives you so much more understanding, and what you might find there if your solving some problem later on. Like the special instructions, and the compiler flags and conditions for it to actually use the FPU.

If you're going to try this bare metal assembly programming, I'd recommend the Cortex M0, since an M4 often comes in a complex chip.

Here's a few books I highly recommend:

Making Embedded Systems by Elecia White

An Embedded Software Primer by David Simon

Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++ by Michael Barr - out of print, but still a decent book.

Also, embedded guru Jack Ganssle has a long list of embedded books he's reviewed here: http://www.ganssle.com/bkreviews.htm - lots of good stuff on there

Are you familiar with logic design (multiplexers, decoders, registers, logic gates, etc)? Computer Organization and Design covers a lot of it and is relatively easy to read. But having some background in digital logic will help a lot.

I found this one very helpful

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Definitive-Guide-Cortex%C2%AE-M0-Cortex-M0-Processors/dp/0128032774

Here's a decent book on the KL25Z by the same author: https://www.amazon.com/Freescale-ARM-Cortex-M-Embedded-Programming/dp/0997925981/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1536412400&sr=1-8

The Author Muhammad Ali Mazidi also has a bunch of Embedded systems books on the ATSAMD21, MSP432,TM4C1234G (tivac),AVR as well as the STM32 and the KL25Z.

https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&text=Muhammad+Ali+Mazidi&search-alias=books&field-author=Muhammad+Ali+Mazidi&sort=relevancerank

https://www.amazon.com/Embedded-Linux-Primer-Practical-Real-World/dp/0137017839
That one? Isn't that more high level though?

https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Computer-Science-Robert-Sedgewick/dp/0201514257/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1524305825&sr=8-1&keywords=%22Algorithms+in+C%22+by+Sedgewick

or

https://www.amazon.com/Algorithms-Parts-1-5-Bundle-Fundamentals/dp/0201756080/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1524305825&sr=8-2&keywords=%22Algorithms+in+C%22+by+Sedgewick

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