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There's a good (very thick, two volume) book out there called "The Invention of the White Race" that goes into detail about these things. But the short answers to your questions would be:

1. "African" isn't a coherent racial category, nor was it in the 15/16/1700s. Racial categories are socially constructed, not scientifically derived, and there were certainly many different groups in Africa, so you can hardly speak in generalities. But often times, yes, it was racism from one group towards another.
   
   
2. Again, racial categories are not static or consistent across time and place. Nor are all systems of slavery/forced labor/etc the same. Some of these could be considered racist, to be sure, but have since either been coopted into the dominant whiteness narrative (see the history of the Irish and Italians in America, for example) or other outcomes. Most pre-capitalist (or at least early formation of capitalism) forced labor was not racially based as such, at least.