(Part 2) Best deodorants according to redditors

Schmidt's charcoal+magnesium natural deodorant. No aluminum, smells great, not greasy or wet feeling. Pretty inexpensive and easy to find at Target and most other places now

https://www.amazon.com/Speick-Natural-Stick-Deodorant-Ounces/dp/B0012LU4LQ/ref=sr_1_sc_1_a_it?ie=UTF8&qid=1525980880&sr=8-1-spell&keywords=speiak+deoderant

or

https://www.amazon.com/Tabac-Original-Maurer-Wirtz-Deodorant/dp/B000XE2VGE/ref=pd_sim_194_10?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=B000XE2VGE&pd_rd_r=SB54GFFCGGGRCCH5T8XB&pd_rd_w=wcVER&pd_rd_wg=4vIGi&psc=1&refRID=SB54GFFCGGGRCCH5T8XB

Only ones I have had luck with since switching from antiperspirants

pro tip: trim, dont shave your arm pit for better results.

I believe the term you are seeking is "Zero Waste" living, or something close to.

Researching a bit of "zero waste" living products may help you get started with some ideas! I find a lot of material on youtube about zero waste living and am dabbling into the reality of the lifestyle myself. I am not sure if you are a man or woman, or what kinds of products you do use in your bathroom (toiletries, cosmetics, cleaning supplies, etc.) But I figured I would offer a few of my favorite alternatives to common items that you may look into.

Safety razors. Disposable razors/plastic handles with replaceable heads are convenient, yet highly wasteful and overall expensive to maintain. There are lots of stainless steel safety razors on the market with the feature of removable blades (of which you replace and recycle once your current blade has fulfilled it's purpose). Safety razors range from about $25- $50 and can last up to a lifetime. The replaceable razor blades can be found for very cheap (their lifetime lasts according to your usage). Here are amazon links to exemplary items:

Safety Razor: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000NL0T1G/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_boeIybWZE9JXX

Safety Razor Blade Replacements: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001QY8QXM/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_WoeIybSASAFBK

Homemade deodorant and/or natural sustainable deodorants: These can be tricky to get started with. Most commercial deodorants use aluminum to block your sweaty glands and completely block the process of perspiration. So, I urge you to take on natural deodorants with patience and give different methods a chance to work for themselves.

You can make your own, in a glass jar with ingredients that are less harmful to your body and this may be the best method to find something that aligns with your own body chemistry. A typical recipe for homemade deodorant would be 1 part coconut oil to 1 part bicarbonate soda (baking soda). BICARBONATE SODA MAY IRRITATE YOUR UNDERARMS. For the first couple weeks of usage, you may experience irritation of your glands purging the aluminum blockage and other toxins built up over time. Baking soda may also cause irritation to those who shave quite frequently, however I have found that applying this mixture at least 30 minutes after I shaved armpits in the shower, that I am less likely to get slight itchiness, if any at all. LISTEN TO YOUR BODY IF THIS METHOD IS NOT TOLERABLE FOR YOU.

If you are not keen on the idea of slathering on some good old homemade, Hippie salve, then Piperwai AND Schmidt's are popular brands with minimal packaging that seem to work for majority of people. These two products still contain bicarbonate soda, but will save you the convenience of not making your own. There are plenty of zero waste options that do not contain bicarbonate soda, but I have found luck with this formula and haven't looked beyond to seek anything else. Again, youtube is a good resource for finding such.

Piperwai Deodorant: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B011SM7IGM/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_FweIyb6Z2E2RM

Schmidt's Deodorant: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B018K3HD62/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fxeIybH035978

As for soaps, there are many wonderful body, face, and hair soaps available on the market today. Investing in simple bars with paper packaging or reusable storage may be the best option for avoiding excess packaging. There are lots of options available either on Etsy, at your city Whole Foods, or there are usually natural soap options that can be found quite locally at farmers markets and such hopefully in your hometown. Personal preference will go into certain decision making with soaps but bars are usually the best way to avoid said packaging.

Hopefully this offered a small bit of help and information to help you get started in your journey towards minimalism and green-thumb consciousness! Good luck!

1. Aveda Botanical Kinetics™ Hydrating Lotion - Face lotion, applied to face and mustache after shower.

2. Musgo Real Glycerine Lime Soap, MR GLO - Face soap, used before each shave.

3. Proraso Shaving Soap with Eucalyptus Oil and Menthol - Shave soap, whipped up then applied to face for shaving.

4. Proraso Pre and Post Shave Cream - Pre/Post shave cream, massaged into face after washing face with MR GLO. Massaged into face again after shave.

5. Proraso Aftershave Lotion - Aftershave, applied to face either after shave or after shower. My wife likes the smell of this.

6. TABAC ORIGINAL For Men By MAURER & WIRTZ Deodorant Stick - Deodorant, masculine scent of lavender, citrus, and warm florals.

7. Colonel Conk Evernice Model 775 Chrome Safety Razor Stand - Stand, holds DE razor and brush.

8. Merkur Model 180 Long Handled Safety Razor - DE Razor, great weight and balance used to shave face.

9. Tweezerman Men's Shaving Brush - So, so brush used for applying shave soap. Would like a better brush someday.

10. Feather Hi-Stainless Platinum Double Edge Razor Blades - Razors for DE, my favorite so far.

11. Tweezerman His Moustache Scissors with Comb - Scissors and comb, after movember I decided to keep the mustache so these items help maintain its appearance.

12. Comb - Comb, used for combing hair before and after shower.

13. Aveda Men Pure-Formance™ Grooming Clay - Hair product, used after shower with hair wet or dry. Hair looks natural but styled. I'll use pomade if I want the appearance of having a more polished look.

14. Large Stainless Steel Shaving Soap Bowl from Super Safety Razors - Mug, I'd rather have a porcelain mug for class but this does the trick. I use it to soak my brush and razor before each shave. I also use it for creams when not using Proraso.

Schmidt's Deodorant Stick Charcoal + Magnesium

Check your local drug stores plenty of them should have it like HAC drug, fit care depot etc. Amazon also has it of course.

On phone, sorryforformatting.

I've been having the same problem except it turns out my super strong antiperspirant was making the problem worse! Without deodorant I smell FUNKY (even after detoxing my pits for like two weeks) but with deodorant I smell... anxious... stale... sour... I don't know how to describe it but it's not funk. Aaaaanyways tmi I use two products now. This https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B001O1M6II/ref=mp_s_a_1_1_a_it?ie=UTF8&qid=1484085772&sr=8-1&keywords=odaban spray once a week and this paste https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B00D2KW68Y/ref=sxts2_a_it?ie=UTF8&qid=1484085772&sr=2 on the daily.

I also started wearing looser and thinner clothing and no rayon spandex or knits. The fabric changed my stink completely even before using either of those products. I still sweat minimally but it doesn't even bother me unless I wear one of my forbidden fabrics or get really nervous for an extended period of time.

Msg me if you have any questions.

Also excessive sweating is called hyperhydrosis.

There are much better products available that are more effective for seb derm then gold bond.

And I can't see using a powder on your armpits being an option if you want to leave the house.

The main antifungal is salicyclic acid, which you can find in several off the shelf shampoos or products.

Should also mention I find Menthol, zinc oxide and salicylic acid too harsh for my skin personally, so I prefer selenium sulphide and clometrizole/climbazole based antifungals with milder ingredients.

I was getting underarm rashes severely in the last few years when I was switching around deodorants, and I figured out many of the "natural" deodorants containing baking soda was too strong and would start getting red and sore and oozing within 48 hours of use.

Stopping their use and applying lotriderm ( betamethasone and clotrimazole) would clear up any rash within a week. I still regularly use selenium sulphide shampoo in my armpits just in case.

This product seems to be working best for me so far with no rashes or skin breakouts (and still functioning as a deodorant)

https://www.amazon.com/Schmidts-Natural-Deodorant-Sensitive-Skin/dp/B01FBKM7WC

I have dark armpits too. I have actually found that the schmits brand charcoal deodorant has actually lightened them substantially. If you can get your hands on it, I'd reccomend it.

Its available at most large retailers, but I'll link it from Amazon too. Hope it works for you too!

https://www.amazon.com/Schmidts-Deodorant-Charcoal-Magnesium-grams/dp/B071YYMZ19/ref=mp_s_a_1_5?crid=3AMUPF45QC3JC&keywords=schmidts+charcoal+magnesium+deodorant&qid=1556753303&s=gateway&sprefix=schmits+ch&sr=8-5

Thank you for this!

I would like to add Burt's Bees Spray Deodorant. I've been using this for a few years and really enjoy it. It does sting a little if applied right after shaving though.

One other thing, are there any solid deodorants that are baking-soda free other than the MoM? I found a recipe, but have yet to try it and would like to know if anyone has tried this or what their thoughts on it are?

I've been using this stuff for over a year now, but I would also like to know the best because I have to apply this about twice a day.

What did you think of the crystal? I have one that is just the rock without the plastic dispenser. They sell them for example like this here:

https://www.amazon.com/Thai-Deodorant-Stone-Crystal-Basket/dp/B000FVA6XU/ref=pd_bxgy_2/135-8639298-9943902

Another friend of mine uses half a lemon.

Crystal Mineral Rock Deodorant Spray for Men, Colbalt Sky, 4 oz https://www.amazon.com/dp/B007768ZCA/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_M.CEDb35YW1J4

Didn’t try it though, Arms & Hammer unscented deodorant is my favorite and recently started using Tom’s unscented deodorant.

Axe es una bosta. Alejate de los aerosoles.
Yo uso Old Spice en barra -wolfthorn de ser posible-. https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/G/01/aplus/detail-page/B00B30SGX4_oldspice_201305096_4627_lg.jpg

Proraso Shave Soap

Proraso Pre/Post Shave Cream

Proraso Aftershave

Proraso Glycerin Pre Shave Soap

Leisureguy's Guide to Gourmet Shaving

Blade sampler pack

Tabac Deodorant

Taylor of Old Bond Street Sandalwood Shave Stick

Taylor of Old Bond Street Avocado Shave Cream

L'Occitane Shaving Cream, Cade

I like Schmidt's

I use Jungleman. The brand name sounds dumb, but it's a baking soda based deodorant (so no aluminum) that works really well. Completely scentless too.

https://www.amazon.com/Jungleman-All-Natural-Deodorant-Unscented-Ounce/dp/B007FXZZWI

You really should wear deodorant to the gym. The relative offensiveness of body odor varies by country and culture, but walking around the gym with heavy BO is no less insensitive than walking into a crowded elevator wearing too much cologne.

Notice that I specifically recommend using a deodorant, and not an antiperspirant. You don't want to stop yourself from sweating, but you want the bacteria living on your skin to not turn that into stinky cheese.

If you want a good deodorant that does not include aluminum chlorides, try this:

Crystal Body Deodorant Spray, Unscented, 4 Ounce (Pack of 6)
by Crystal
Link: http://amzn.com/B001ET7644

This one

I just don’t use any if I’m at home all day. If I’m going out I’ll use Schmidt’s Rose + Vanilla.

http://www.walmart.com/ip/Naturally-Fresh-Deodorant-Crystal-3-oz/10849906 this is the same brand as the roll-on we got, although we went with one that was purple instead (it had fewer/more basic ingredients). The Wally World website doesn't list that one for some reason. IIRC, this is the spray: http://www.amazon.com/Liquid-Spray-Mist-Deodorant/dp/B000B969B4

It only lists itself as mineral salts, but I managed to discover that Thai Crystal products do use potassium alum generally on some website at some point. It's cheaper and bigger than the RazoRock product, but it does omit the aloe and stuff. I always figured it was better to leave that to a dedicated moisturizing product after the alum was rinsed off, though.

> Recycle if you don't already

Absolutely! There's no excuse not to recycle. And keep a bag in your car to collect trash while you're on the go, rather than have people toss it out the window.

> Don't buy from non second hand stores like JC penny, macy's and all that.

If you're a college kid wearing jeans and tshirts that's great advice, but it's really hard to find presentable dressy work clothes at thrift stores.

Either nothing's in my size or they're very worn and look about 20 years out-of-date.

> Buy cosmetic items, like deodorant and such from USA based companies

Jungle Man deodorant is great.

My life was changed a while back when I discovered rock deodorant. One package lasts months and it doesn’t stain and controls my odors for 18-24 hours.

I like this basket one
(Thai Deodorant stone by DSA if Amazon doesn't work for you)
I've had issues with plastic applicators as the stone wore down/got older, and the basket makes it less of an eye sore, and the stone doesn't sit in water making funky crystals. It also cuts down on plastic/trash which is another plus! They only major drawback is the basket format probably isn't the best for travel, since the rock is just a big rock and I am still figuring out the best way to but it in a bag so it doesn't bump around.

These also last for-ev-ver. It feels like you've adopted a pet rock.

https://www.amazon.com/Schmidtsde-Deodorant-Stick-Rose-3-25/product-reviews/B01KNA73VU/ref=cm_cr_arp_mb_hist_1?filterByStar=one_star&pageNumber=1

This is just one example but if you look at the amazon reviews for the different scents, there’s a fair number of people who have broken out from it or gotten itchy/painful rashes and bumps. Of course there are still who swear by it so YMMV but definitely explore other options to see if that is actually what’s causing the discomfort.

I use Schmidt's Cedarwood and Juniper about 90% of the time and Baxter of California the rest. Baxter is more subtle than the Schmidt's, scent-wise, and it's also a bit gentler, I guess? I use it whenever my pit skin needs a break.

I tried Every Man Jack Cedarwood but it absolutely does not mix well with my natural scent for some reason. Every other cedarwood scented product I've tried does. :\

My favorite scented thing, even though it's not a deodorant, is Baxter of California's Exfoliating Body Bar. It's cedar wood and oak moss scented. (My mother calls it my 'man soap', which is awkward because I'm not out.) It's expensive but it's a big bar, so I cut it in smaller pieces and only use it where I have rough skin. I sniff myself for hours after a shower.

Shampoo - Loreal Ever Fresh Anti-Danduff (Sulfate Free). Anything organic and sulfate free is okay. Other than that, tumitindi ang balakubak and flakes.

Deodorant - Crystal Body Rock Deodorant (Unscented, Aluminum/Parabens Free, Natural, Hypoallergenic, and leaves no stain)

Body/Facial Moisturizer - Lubriderm Men's 3-in-1 Lotion Fragrance Free

Lip Moisturizer - Burt's Bee 100% Natural Lip Balm

Toothpaste - Anything, actually. But Colgate is my go-to brand.

Soap - Ivory Fragrance Free or Irish Spring Classic

Hair Oil - Johnson & Johnson's Baby Oil.

Facial Wash - Clean & Clear Morning Burst Oil Free. Cetaphil is nice, too.

Dental Floss - Johnson & Johnson REACH (Mint waxed)

Briefs - Anything Bikini Briefs (multicolored sets). For local brands, I like Bench and Warren. They last a long time bago maging "baconized." :D

Colognes/Perfumes - too many to mention (I have more than 30 bottles that I rotate, excluding samples and decants)

Green Tidings Organic All Natural Deodorant is what you want. You can get it unscented or lavender. But it'll do what you are looking for. It leaves no stains. But as with most natural deodorants, it doesn't stop the sweating like an antiperspirant. Furthermore, you may need to reapply after 6-8 hrs. YMMV. (I went through one, lavender, and liked it so much I bought it again, the bigger container the second time).

Schmidt's is a little more $$ but I'm pretty impressed with it, aluminum-free.


Schmidt's Natural Deodorant - Lavender + Sage https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00D2KW68Y/ref=cm_sw_r_awd_WVafvb00YN7A2
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00D2KW68Y/ref=cm_sw_r_awd_WVafvb00YN7A2

I would trim close and after you wash the area, rub it down with this natural, chemical free deodorant stone. This will keep you odor free. However it isn't a perfect solution. Because it contains mineral salts, I'm guessing anybody giving you oral would be able to taste it and it probably tastes horrible (even though it isn't dangerous to ingest). Maybe keep some scentless wet wipes handy to wipe away the deodorant just before intimate times.

I used to sweat in my arms and crotch all through high school. When 2pm rolled around, I couldn't get home fast enough to change my clothes.

Clinical strength stuff didn't actually help me. I switched to Thai mineral deodorant but the spray form, not the rock one. I add 30 drops of lavender essential oil to have an extra anti-bacterial effect. It genuinely works for me.

Do you wear an undershirt under a button down?

Great stuff. I bought the solid form for a while but I prefer the liquid version. I've seen it at Whole Foods and at Amazon.

I'm a women's size 13W (US) and have this issue in the summer if where I'm not wearing stockings or socks. Non of the foot products work for me. (They are geared towards athletic shoes.) I've found that Crystal Body Deodorant Spray works very well by spraying your feet before putting your shoes on. It helps prevent them from sweating to prevent odor. Besides Amazon you can find sometimes find it in the deodorant section at Target, Walgreens and GNC. It also comes in a solid, but that want work well for feet. I like this spray because is odorless and non stick.

This is the stuff that I've found agrees with me: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01FBKM7WC/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o04_s00?ie=UTF8&th=1

Seems like a similar ingredient list to the one you linked.

This works well for me: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01GVZPN3G/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?ie=UTF8&th=1

Non-aluminum deodorants, bro. They mostly suck, but I've been using these bad boys for a while and they're alright.

That's the stones, which work but are more annoying to apply.
I like the spray better
https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B000B969B4?pc_redir=T1

I have oily skin, and get a faint but noticable "sour" sort of smell in my beard no matter how often I shampoo it or what I shampoo it with.

Half a dozen sprays of this rubbed in completely eliminate the smell.

https://www.amazon.com/d/Deodorants/THAI-Natural-Crystal-Deodorant-Ounces/B000B969B4

For the smells, I use Thai Deodorant Stone. I always sweat a lot and this is the very best thing I have found for odor control. Everyone that I have convinced to try it also love it. It doesn't stop you from sweating, but you won't stink anymore.

I've used this stuff for years: https://www.amazon.com/Century-Herbal-Clear-Deodorant-2-65-Ounce/dp/B000GCLDOO

It has a very mild, non-fake-flowery-perfume scent on the applicator, and I don't really smell it once I apply it.

But I don't think I am a heavy sweater at all. This brand does make a "sports" version, though, so that might be a better choice.

This one!

It's not a roller, it's a stick. This is it.

Definitely the most effective thing I use to combat the brutal Japanese summers. That and Gatsby Ice Citrus wipes.

Try this: http://www.amazon.com/Thai-Deodorant-Stone-in-Basket/dp/B000FVA6XU/ref=sr_1_20?ie=UTF8&qid=1311551298&sr=8-20

Have you tried these? (link is to Amazon, but they sell them in Donki and drugstores. I sweat a lot too, and while this (and its menthol blue cousin) doesn't do much to reduce the amount (even though it says it's an antiperspirant), it helps a lot with the smell. It's definitely the best thing I found in Japan - not too expensive, so you can give it a try and see if it works for you.

YMMV but, I used to have horrible pit stains. We're talking BROWN here, not just slightly yellow. I read an article that said the culprit was aluminum (the active ingredient in most deodorants and all anti-perspirants) mixed with sweat. So I switched. To an aluminum free deodorant (pretty much the opposite advice of those who are advocating CertainDri) and now, even white T-Shirts will last me for years (literally) without any pit stains.

Also, I too have the curse of sensitive pits so, the most common aluminum free deodorants (Speed Stick, even the "all natural" Tom's) gave me bad pit rash.THIS
is my perfect, non staining, non irritating deodorant. As a bonus, it's also pretty much the cheapest deodorant you can buy. So there's no harm in trying...

It'll probably take you a while before you find "the one" that works best for you and your body's chemistry. I've been using natural deodorant for 15-ish years, and I remember it taking a while before I found what worked best for me. I still change things up sometimes because I'm a sucker for new things.

I'm currently using Native, but I'll be changing brands after I finish with what I have left. It works alright, but it gets kinda iffy at the end of the day for me. Also, I'm trying to get away from purchasing as much stuff from mega corporations as I currently do. The coconut scent is amazing though and it is good for sensitive skin.

Before Native, I was using Green Tidings and loved it. I only stopped wearing it because lavender can be a migraine trigger for some of the people I work with and I do not want to be the cause of that. It's a light scent, but I was still worried about that.

Toms was ok years ago but then they changed the formula or something and it wasn't as good..That was well over 5 years ago since I last used them though, so that may have changed again.

I didn't have any major complaints with the Jason's or Schmidt's deodorants that I tried.

omg, I love Arm and Hammer Essentials. The unscented is okay, but the fresh one is AH-mazing. Really helps with my B.O.
Also there's this one from Amazon. http://www.amazon.com/Green-Tidings-Deodorant-Strength-Protection/dp/B00EOB0042?ie=UTF8&psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o01_s01
I like to alternate between these 2 because otherwise, I feel like my body gets used to just the one and it isn't as effective. :)

Use a chunk of mineral salt. It kills the bacteria that makes the stink, and has no perfumy crap or chemicals.

https://www.amazon.com/Crystal-Mineral-Deodorant-Stone-Unscented/dp/B00028QA72/ref=sr_1_15_a_it?ie=UTF8&qid=1540543868&sr=8-15&keywords=mineral+salt+deodorant+stone

Not a man but I sweat like one.
I use Schmidt's charcoal and magnesium. It's only about $5 at a big box store but $10 at a vegan grocer near me. I've used Schmidt's ever since Nature's Gate stopped being effective for me.

With "natural" type deodorants, rashes (and itching) are caused by the baking soda most likely. Over time the baking soda also stains and darkens the skin with repeated use. (google search something along the lines of "deodorant rash baking soda" to double check what I'm saying)

.

There are a bunch of other things you want to avoid as well besides baking soda; including aluminum and/or potassium alum (alum = short for aluminum) which is used in "natural crystal" type deodorants. Potassium Alum is worse than other types of aluminum too which is ironic as its promoted as a healthy alternative; it accumulates in the brain faster and does more rapid DNA damage. Don't be fooled; what's even more sick is often times these crystal deodorant companies put a pink ribbon on their packaging to imply that its anti-breast cancer, nothing can be further from the truth. Some brands go a step further and state that they are some "blah blah blah breast cancer association's choice" which is also complete BS; straight up lie.

.

I've been using natural and organic deodorants for about a decade. I've pretty much tried them all (or close to it). Hands down the best natural deodorant I have ever used (and still use every day) is by ORGANIC 101. They are USDA certified Organic (so you can actually trust the ingredients), they use zero baking soda (so no rashes), no aluminum (or "alum" which is used to to fool customers), it wont stain clothing, and works all day for me, unless its over 100 degrees or I work out at the gym (to be expected though). I cannot recommend it enough. All their scents are legit but lately Ive been using the Cedarwood Spice and I love it; has a similar scent profile to classic old spice.

.

If interested maybe check it out. They also offer a 30 day money back guarantee https://www.amazon.com/ORGANIC-101-Cedarwood-Certified-Extra-Strength/dp/B01GVZPN3G/ref=sr_1_14_s_it?s=beauty&ie=UTF8&qid=1498700050&sr=1-14&keywords=organic+deodorant

I should have been more specific. Although it is not specifically marketed as an anitperspirant, it is effective at preventing sweat. Here it is.

I'm not really sure how to link a single item off of a wish list >_<

But this is inspired by my want of a natural deodorant.

Drawn on my Note 3 phone

I have really been liking the Schmidt's deodorant line.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B018K3HD62/ref=twister_B01NCNVM7P?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1

I could really use deodorant 😰 and my little one needs batteries for the thermometer and such!

A crystal rock of mineral salts for 6 bucks that I use as deodorant.

One crystal "rock" lasts me well over a year.

Once I drop it (always happens) and it breaks into pieces, I continue to use the big pieces as normal, and I put the smaller pieces into a jar filled with distilled water and let the minerals dissolve into solution. I then use that to spray the inside of my shoes and on my insoles to keep stinky foot odor-causing bacteria from growing!

Ever tried "Jungleman Deodorant"? It's all-natural, and works fantastically.

Here's the Amazon link:

http://www.amazon.com/Jungleman-All-Natural-Deodorant-Unscented-Ounce/dp/B007FXZZWI